This is a larval host plant. Temporary flooding during the spring is tolerated. source. county of Illinois (see Distribution Margin. Rapid growth rate; Average lifespan of 50 … Cultivation: The Eastern Tiger Swallowtail (Papilo glaucus) has three flights from February-November in the deep south and March-September in the north. yards. their seeds. Populus deltoides (cottonwood) leaf clearing showing margin resin gland (and hydathode). Full grown larvae leave the mine and spin small white tent cocoons at leaf margins. Plant in the full sun and moist, well-drained soil, preferably within 15-50 ft above stream level. Meadowbrook Park and Judge Webber Park in Urbana, Illinois, and a The seeds are distributed by the wind and can travel several hundred Pronunciation: pop-U-lus free-MONT-e-i. Populus deltoides EASTERN COTTONWOOD (Populus deltoides) Other Names: Cottonwood, Eastern Poplar, Poplar, Southern Cottonwood Key ID Features: Leaves, Bark, Buds, Size. fruits. Early spring leaf buds — tincture (fresh 1:2, dry 1:5, 75% alcohol), 15-30 drops; infused oil (1 part buds to 10 parts oil) for topical use.” 15 Making Cottonwood Oil Special Considerations Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day), 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4b, 4a, 5b, 5a, 6b, 6a, 7b, 7a, 8a, 8b, 9b, 9a. referred to as 'poplars,' 'aspens,' and 'cottonwoods' are members of It develops a single Leaves are alternate. Form: This is a medium-sized tree reaching 70-100 ft. in height and 2.5- 4 ft dbh. florets. This plant may be used as a specimen or a shade tree. Eastern cottonwood is a medium-sized tree that reaches heights of 50’to 100’ in height. This tree reproduces by reseeding itself. Its wood is brittle, giving little value for lumber. Flowers and Fruits For female trees, the cottony hairs Some mammals also use Eastern Cottonwood as a food or water pipes. Individual leaves have flat bottoms and slender tips. produced individually. along rivers in the Great Plains region. Young larvae skeletonize leaves and, as they mature, consume all but the main leaf margins. ; beavers use saplings and poles for food and dam construction. deltoides occidentalis (Western Cottonwood), that is found Cooperative Extension, which staffs local offices in all 100 counties and with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. Native; Deciduous; Hardwood (relatively soft for a hardwood) Reaching heights over 120′ Crown spread of 75′ – 85′ Huge trunks capable of growing 5′ – 5′ 6″ diameter. Spots may coalesce and cause defoliation with severe infections. Male catkins occur butterflies Limenitis archippus (Viceroy), Limenitis the buds during the spring. deltoid leaf with crenate margin; flat petiole; gray, furrowed bark; NOTES: swamp cottonwood (Populus heterophylla) is a very similar tree; its range is roughly the same as Populus deltoides, but it is a medium-sized tree with leaves having a rounded or cordate base and round petioles Petioles are flat. Leaves: Leaves are simple, alternate, and deciduous. Leaf Length - 3 to 5 inches. insects are important sources of food to insectivorous birds. The fruit is an elongated capsule, grown in clusters, with 3-4 valves and seeds surrounded by cotton-like hairs that facilitate wind and water dispersal. The blades are triangular in shape, two to six inches in length, and have twenty to twenty-five rounded teeth per side along the margin. Seedlings and young trees browsed by rabbits, deer, and domestic stock. Fungal Leaf Spots (fungi – Cercospora populicola, Septoria spp., Marssonina populi): Irregular to round lesions, from brown to gray in color. Numbers indicate RAxML bootstrap support values $ … Other insect feeders include many leaf beetles (see Leaf produce either all male (staminate) flowers or all female (pistillate) Tip longer than eastern cottonwood. The leaves are dark green in the summer, turning yellow in the fall, but many cottonwoods in dry locations drop their leaves early from a combination of drought and leaf rust, providing a dull brown fall color. Male flowers are reddish and non-showy. Each female catkin is green and cylindrical less). The Red-spotted Purple (Limenitis arthemis astyanax) has two broods from April-October. female floret, there is a fringed bract. wind-pollinated. Cooperative Extension prohibits discrimination and harassment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, sex (including pregnancy), disability, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity, and veteran status. • Winter Key – Twigs yellowish white to gray, not hairy. unusual because they are slightly hooked, and it has flattened The cotton-like mat of fine hairs is the reason for the name "cottonwood". The cottonwood is the state tree of Kansas. Prunus pensylvanica (pin cherry) leaf margin with resin glands. lapathi (Poplar-and-Willow Borer), aphids (see Aphid Table), At the base of each male floret, Each male floret consists of a dish-shaped basal disk and It is typically found growing along streams and rivers but also naturalized areas, woodlands, lawns, or rain gardens. Margins have serrated teeth that are somewhat hooked. During early to mid-summer, these fruits split open to release plant bugs (Lopidea cuneata, Lygocoris robust tree. Narrow, translucent. The photos show the trees in their swamp habitat; the upper surface of a mature leaf with a shiny, glaucous surface, heart-shaped leave base, and teeth along the leaf margins; and the paler underside of the leaf with retained hairs near the petiole. These scentglands secrete a milky, foul-smelling fluid that repels predators whenthe beetle is disturbed, and can be retracted back into the larva-s bodywhen … In the West, Populus tremuloides stands are often even-aged, originating after a single top-killing event. Margin: crenate-serrate. 20-60 reddish or yellowish stamens. Chicken, and Purple Finch. The upper leaf surfaces are medium Tree and shrub seedlings are not well managed by preemergence herbicides, and selective postemergence controls are not available. develop in the form of drooping catkins about 2-3" long. In Seeds - within capsule, numerous, small, surrounded by a mat of fine hairs, ripening in the spring, conveyed long distances by the wind. nearly as long as the leaf blades; they are light green, glabrous, and Individual leaves Eastern Cottonwood and similar species are an important food source of The native Eastern Cottonwood is a common tree that is probably found 5–15 rounded teeth per side, no teeth on the tip or near the petiole. This tree can be distinguished from its relatives Leaf margins … Eastern Cottonwood is dioecious; individual trees It has yellowish twigs, coarsely toothed leaves, and gummy end buds that easily distinguish it from other species of poplar. NC State University and N.C. A&T State University work in tandem, along with federal, state and local governments, to Habitats consist of bottomland deciduous woodlands, The buds are conical, long, narrow, and sticky, with a strong balsam scent in spring when they open. The abundant branches are ascending above and drooping below; As its name suggests, these poplar trees have narrow leaves when compared to other cottonwood trees. Like Black Cottonwood, its leaves are often covered in splashes of resin and are a vibrant yellow-green color. It tolerates a wide range of soil pH, 4.5-8.0. and can withstand occasional flooding. across; they are deltate-ovate in shape and crenate-dentate along their This The margin of the leaf is coarsely toothed with the teeth curved. Large brown spots with darker brown margins cause premature defoliation. The most common leaf spot is caused by Marssonina populi. Each female floret consists of a dish-shaped basal It frequently colonizes disturbed open areas that are moist. Cottonwoods are dioecious, meaning there are male and female plants. Clones can be distinguished by differences in phenology, leaf size and shape, branching habit, bark character, and by electrophoresis. margins. hirticulus, & Tropidosteptes populi), The stipules are somewhat persistent. White-Tailed Deer browse on twigs and foliage of this tree, as their dens and dams. These species include the larvae of Plectrodera scalator (Cottonwood Borer) and other wood-boring beetles, Chrysomela scripta (Cottonwood Leaf Beetle), various aphids, and the caterpillars of many moths (see Insect Table and Moth Table). bottomland woodlands, common associates are Black Willow, Green Ash, Photos by, and courtesy of, Karen Searcy. Cottonwood leaves are triangular with course teeth along the margins. birds feed on the buds and catkins during the spring when other sources Lower surface slightly paler. or less flat. arthemis astyanax (Red-Spotted Purple), and Papilio Insect problems include borers, aphids, caterpillars, and scale. from the deltate shape of its leaves, which have bottoms that are more Female flowers are green. (young trees). Leaf Margins - Coarsely-dentate with curved teeth, entire near apex and base. Photographic Heart shaped puts it in one of two categories, poplar/aspen/cottonwood or basswood/linden. Because the The teeth of the leaves are slightly hooked. gray-brown and fairly smooth. However, mature trees are usually short-lived (100 years or The leaves are eaten by the caterpillars of the While unable to see the entire tree in the pictures, a visual of the bark leads me to cottonwood (as one who has a few on my own property). The trunk bark of mature trees is thick, gray, and coarsely McSush/Wikimedia Commons/CC BY 3.0. Leaf Surface - Glabrous. The LEAF base is straight across or angled somewhat back toward the twig. Individual seeds are about 2 mm. N.C. The teeth of the leaves are slightly hooked. The florets are Periodic heavy infestations may destroy half the total leaf surface and reduce growth of young cottonwoods. Like certain birds, tree squirrels sometimes eat Western Cottonwood. It has exaggerated leaf scars and large pointy resinous buds. Populus deltoides (cottonwood) leaf margin resin gland paradermal section. The common name of cottonwood comes from the appearance of these hairs, which resemble cotton. It grows tall as well, averaging 80-100 ft but potentially growing as high as 200 ft. As I squish the […] Newer growth is almost a robin egg blue-gray color. Faunal Duskywing) and the caterpillars of many moth species (see Moth Table). It has smaller leaves with Severe infestations cause serious defoliation. Willow family (Salicaceae). Its shiny leaves glitter in the sunlight, and they make a there is a fringed bract. Bark: The heartwood of this tree is deeper brown than that of Fremont cottonwood but the sapwood is white.On older trees, the bark is thick, deeply furrowed, reddish brown. Phylogram of the most likely tree (2lnL 5 24982.93) from a PHYML analysis of 167 taxa based on combined 18S and 28S nrDNA (2050 bp). All tree leaves exhibit margins (leaf blade edges) that are either serrated or smooth. of the seeds may be released in such numbers that they can clog gutters Sometimes Eastern Cottonwood is cultivated as a landscape tree in The cottonwood is a large, woody tree native to Kansas. Although pyramidal in youth, this tree/shrub will have a broad vase with open branches with age. Leaf Margin. It attracts some small mammals and is resistant to erosion and wet soil. There is a subspecies, Populus preference is full sunlight, moist conditions, and soil consisting of The upper leaf surfaces are medium green and glabrous, while their lower surfaces are pale green, hairless, and dull. The surface is dark green and lustrous with a paler and smoother underside. (1/3") long. Associations: Many of these does the Cottontail Rabbit when seedlings are within reach. Swamp Cottonwood. Leaves are green in summer, turning yellow or brown in fall. in clusters of 2-4 near the tips of branches, while female catkins are Comments: Leaf Color - Lustrous, bright-green during summer, golden-yellow in late fall. larger teeth than the typical eastern subspecies. ridged. The plant becomes ragged and irregular as it further grows. The elytra (wing covers) are yellow withbroken black stripes. they are somewhat crooked and knobby. The name refers to the cottony filaments attached to the seeds that are bore in catkins. The yellowish twigs, coarsely toothed leaves, and gummy end buds distinguish this tree from other poplars. stout trunk up to 4-6' across and forms an ovoid crown in open Cottonwood trees (Populus spp.) cylindrical in shape, consisting of a dense mass of nearly sessile male Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) Family: Salicaceae. green and glabrous, while their lower surfaces are pale green, for such birds as the Pileated Woodpecker (cavities in large trees), in shape, consisting of many female florets on slender petioles (see Growth and development of young trees is Beavers use somewhat flattened. This NC native plant is found at fine sandy loams or silt loams in stream banks of the piedmont and coastal plain. Populus tremuloides is shade intolerant and generally does not regenerate well beneath its own canopy. Twigs are stout, rounded, and enlarged at the nodes. Catkin). Eastern Cottonwood provides nesting habitat Trees that are It is an easy-to-transplant but short-lived, messy, brittle tree. Groups of small, white larvae tunneling between the upper and lower leaf surfaces consume the green tissues and cause conspicuous brown blotches. wood of the branches is rather soft and brittle, this tree is the leafhopper Idiocerus lunaris, and larvae of the Leaf buds are large, 1-inch long, reddish green and pointed. Range Young larvae are at first black, but become lightbrown with four prominent white scent glands along the sides. Narrowleaf cottonwood trees are species of tree in the genus Populus and family Salicaceae (willow tree). Eastern and Midwest United States, Europe, South Africa, South America. Eastern Cottonwood develops very quickly into a rather coarse and They also float on water and can travel downstream. Winter’s Balm, First Medicine, Water Keeper. of food are scarce; these species include the Ruffed Grouse, Prairie are large, quick-growing trees valued for their vibrant autumn foliage. As I walk along the river I notice giant cottonwood trees towering above the tops of the alder and the big leaf maple. These flowers are produced during the spring before the leaves On branches or on young trees, bark is thin, smooth and gray-brown. Leaf Type and Shape - Simple leaves, triangular-cordate, acuminate tips, petioles are flattened. Leaf venation is pinnate. petioles, unlike some Populus spp. Broadly triangular, ovate in outline, 3-6 inches long and 4-5 inches wide. grounds near sources of water, and sand dunes near Lake Michigan. Slippery Elm, Silver Maple, and River Birch. It is highly recommended for planting in urban and suburban areas. Populus deltoids, commonly called common cottonwood is a large, fast-growing tree or shrub. The leaf is a simple, triangular leaf with a notched margin. photo of Female The narrowly rounded teeth of its leaves are somewhat Leaf Arrangement: Alternate Leaf Shape: Deltoid Ovate Leaf Margin: Serrate Hairs Present: No Leaf Length: 3-6 inches Leaf Width: 3-6 inches Leaf Description: Broadly triangular, ovate in outline, 3-6 inches long and 4-5 inches wide. The seed capsules of the female produce silky white hairs when they split open. It generally has a thin, spreading crown and a straight bole. 3-4 flattened stigmata with undulate margins. It is harvested for the production of plywood, baskets, crates, and pulp, particularly for use in high-grade magazine paper. It is a characteristic species in widespread and highly productive black cottonwood-willow riparian forests occurring on bottomlands, riverbars, streambanks, and meadows along the Pacific coast ; and in black cottonwood riparian forests in bottomlands, floodplains, gravelbars, and banks of perennial streams in northern coastal California .
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