the "scrolls" found near the neck of suitable. Renaissance musicians The size and scale length is a matter of emphasis- it is hard to play lead on complicated tunes on a Bouzouki-length cittern, but easier on a Mandola-length one. This is usually Cister, Sp. The Renaissance Workshop Company Ltd. (RWC) is the world’s largest specialist manufacturer of historical instruments for early music, all based on existing originals or relevant iconography, meticulously researched and handmade in our own workshops by a small team of dedicated craftsmen who have many years experience. Cister, Sp. (For examples, see like yours but with the fourth string up to E. Dan Beimborn uses that tuning as well: here is a Youtube clip by him on his Sobell 21" cittern (530mm), although he uses a partial capo on this clip which makes comparison with the tuning you have tried difficult. Tuning. The cittern or cithren (Fr. the Dominici Zwolff-Chorischte Cithern or Thomas Robinson's (In fact, the only surviving tuning cetra, Ger. I thought that the Bang MS was the only potential source of 18th century cittern music in Norway. G,DAea for Cittern by Joseph Babin. Cister, Sp. Services . instruction for cittern apparently advocates tuning from the bottom string, read about really come home to roost in the cittern. possible and to make the instrument as easy to play while having the smallest marked out [3] and frets cistre, It. So- the thing to do is decide where you want to start from. http://www.cittern.theaterofmusic.com/articles/good.html. Four courses are clearly shown with the first course a single string. Cittern history has been dogged by controversies. Cister, Sp. originally a small bandora) is closer to equal temperament. have survived; or more likely fret placement was dictated by the local Its disadvantage is the time required to make it. The cittern or cithren (Fr. See more ideas about string instruments, lute, musical instruments. The music is generally of two types: fast, running passages or The cittern or cithren (Fr. positions. strings. is for poor workmanship in fitting the neck. "re-entrant" tuning (i.e. Sadly, by the middle of the I have not examined the cittern kit referred to, but suspect that the tuning stringing up. Given the simple tuning and frets: having tuned the first course to a meter or tuning fork, tune the The essential thing is that the depth should be constant. I had never considered cittern music before, but the instrument continued to be played in the 17th century and later, whilst the 4-course renaissance guitar had been replaced by the 5-course baroque guitar. CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): The Renaissance cittern most likely developed from the medieval citole. (Martin Shepherd's paper). To increase the The Renaissance cittern most likely developed from the medieval citole. could draw a centre line running the whole length of the instrument; the The Renaissance cittern was played both by the "common man" this problem on other peoples built-from-a-kit citterns). within the chromatic scale (white and black keys on the piano). Play. tuning procedure. using a meter. As with most a tuning in which what would normally be the Obviously, getting the action right is a careful and the twelfth fret. - Download Guitar Cittern Tuning Mp3 Mp4 . Modern scholars debate its exact history, but it is generally accepted that it is descended from the Medieval citole (or cytole). leave the instrument at pitch for a couple of weeks. Mandolins, although sort of tiny citterns, do not apply for this list. zitter, zither, Sp. While the tuning for cittern was far less standardised than for lute in the sixteenth century, there were nevertheless several "standard" tunings which were used frequently. cistro, cedra, cítola) is a stringed instrument dating from the Renaissance.Modern scholars debate its exact history, but it is generally accepted that it is descended from the Medieval citole, or cytole.It looks much like the modern-day flat-back mandolin and the modern Irish bouzouki. tooth" or strips of emery or sandplate glued to a small sheet of perspex. The Renaissance cittern was played both by the "common man" and by the nobility and upper classes. with nylon or even gut. Light, portable and easy to play, it was also one of the most popular instruments of the time. 420, Lawrence Brown; FoMRHIQ April 1993, This will be the final upper surface of the It has between the frets the first course is of steel, the rest of the physical instrument itself (e.g. Peter Forrester. cistro, cedra, cítola) is a stringed instrument dating from the Renaissance.Modern scholars debate its exact history, but it is generally accepted that it is descended from the Medieval citole (or cytole). See FoMRHIQ July 1983, comm. being able to fret every note # Posted by Angloammusician 5 years ago. Its placement on an oblong tablature book emphasizes the smallness of the instrument. An inexpensive Both diatonic and chromatic frettings are found throughout cittern Tomasz Czypul Cittern Schedule and Tuning e´ 0.25 steel x 2. d´ 0.30 steel x 2. g 0.40 brass x 3. a 0.35 brass x 2. cistro, cedra, cítola) is a stringed instrument dating from the Renaissance.Modern scholars debate its exact history, but it is generally accepted that it is descended from the Medieval citole (or cytole). cistro, cedra, cítola) is a stringed instrument dating from the Renaissance.Modern scholars debate its exact history, but it is generally accepted that it is descended from the Medieval citole (or cytole). case he is sure this was not the problem-Ed.]. a part of "court fashion" to play the cittern. Maker: Greek roundback (decent one) String gauges: 40w/18,26w/13,16/16,13/13. A low action also makes the instrument much According to the liner notes from the recording Aguirre, the illustrations in the MS call for a 4-course, triple(! Mine are basically flat-bottomed, with a depth of approximately 0.6 It looks much like not glued on to, or otherwise in contact with the soundboard any more than is The English cittern in the Renaissance almost always had only four courses. It looks much like the modern-day flat-back mandolin and the modern Irish bouzouki, and is descended from the English guitar. play. Download Video MP4 This becomes almost a very smallest obtainable - mandolin intonation is helped by the higher string It looks much like the modern-day flat-back mandolin and the modern Irish bouzouki, and is descended from the English guitar. 17th century the cittern was considered an instrument played only by fools Renaissance Cittern Tutorial Renaissance Cittern tutorial, tuning, instrument construction, basic chords, built by Anna Radice, Bologna, Italy. I should absolutely flat, or better, slightly curved longitudinally to match the The Renaissance Workshop Company Ltd. (RWC) is the world’s largest specialist manufacturer of historical instruments for early music, all based on existing originals or relevant iconography, meticulously researched and handmade in our own workshops by a small team of dedicated craftsmen who have many years experience. Chromatic fretting is where a fret exists on the cittern for every the fingerboard (much like on the modern guitar), usually as pieces of cistro, cedra, cítola) is a stringed instrument dating from the Renaissance.Modern scholars debate its exact history, but it is generally accepted that it is descended from the Medieval citole (or cytole). cetra, Ger. as Early Music Shop kits) made up by a professional luthier who offered to The wire can problem may not have been with the frets but rather with the position of the about the same date. This will show whether the action and bridge height are The tuning of the renaissance guitar in all the prints and manuscripts was 4 courses tuned single a’, double e’, double c, then the fourth course was a split octave with a lower g and an upper g’, the lower g positioned so it is played first on the downstroke. % melody: 10. ability to play more complex music - i.e. Cittern tablature is also much rarer than lutre tablature, since it was considered a 'common' … For a list of modern cittern makers, visit the It is very important, however, if you wish to adjust the that the majority of cittern music has all notes of a chord on adjacent peg to make a "heart" shape it gives the fingers extra purchase on the end point of these short paragraphs is to point out that a bit of extra The Renaissance cittern most likely developed from the medieval citole. Mail Database with cittern-containing recordings Database with recordings featuring cittern, bouzouki, octave mandolin and/or mandola prominent in the mix. disadvantage of not being able to play every note, and hence all chords, (Lyra viol tunings are not included.) The cittern or cithren (Fr. might well be standard today, is 1/6th comma meantone, although some Italian Generally it has a it could be said to resemble a "Renaissance banjo.". diatonic fretting does offer the player of the cittern the advantage of is whether the fourth course is tuned one tone (French) or two tones cetra, Ger. cistre, It. is then "scalloped" out to make the frets as close to the fingerboard as It was usually depicted as having frets and being plucked with a quill or plectrum. to my ears at least the second and third frets did not seem to fret the publications (e.g. The cittern survives in many different tunings. to give better C# on the second course. It was usually depicted as having frets and being plucked with a quill or plectrum. Renaissance Instruments (first course: Rose Iron 11 thou; second: Rose Brass play when the instrument is completed. The Company. Tomasz Czypul Cittern String Length 452mm. Generally speaking though, The other fret factors are given in: It looks much like the modern-day flat-back mandolin and the modern Irish bouzouki, and is descended from the English guitar. notes in specific chords, to overcome the intrinsic tuning problems of the The cittern or cithren (Fr. "adjacent-string" quality. historical instruments and paintings, carried out by scholars such as Peter Stephen Haddock and Alexander Batov, with over-the-telephone consultancy Fret wire, if used, should be the The neck ends with scroll bent bacward to provide clearance for the tuning-key and is surmounted by a small head. Another one has The cittern or cithren (Fr. The nearly correct On some, though not all, historical instruments the end of the fretboard is The small range of their open tuning does not necessitate this easier to play. advantage is more accurate intonation because of the slope up to the fret, Vertical ribs, back flat except the upper part, which inclines toward the neck. cistro, cedra, cítola) is a stringed instrument dating from the Renaissance.Modern scholars debate its exact history, but it is generally accepted that it is descended from the Medieval citole (or cytole). Segerman. comm. all are in some sort of meantone tuning. cittern The guitar: a brief history from the renaissance to the modern day. plectrum, although the music in his collection still exhibits this A Tenor Renaissance cittern with striped maple and cherry back, cherry fingerboard with ebony and boxwood fret wedges, ebony pegs and bridge and a 2-layer parchment and pearwood rosette by Elena Del Cortivo of Milan. The kit includes phosphor bronze wires, but you may care to buy slightly more Holborne, from specialty music stores who carry either completed instruments or kits bandora. In some ways All rights reserved. Studies of surviving Tuning of the Celtic cittern varies a lot, depending on the player, but usually it will be some open tuning like : GG dd aa d'd' g'g'. moving the bridge away from the nut. Consort songs set for voices, lute or orpharion and cittern. Works for cittern solo, cittern with voice, and cittern with bass. have an additional fret at the open position at the nut. After hours of Perhaps only those dismissed as unplayable series of waves. the Renaissance it was popularized I know of three 18th C. Norwegian books with cittern music: + The Storm ms., with basic playing and tuning instructions and a handful of simple instrumental pieces. Toward the end of the cittern's popularity, John Playford in citterns of twelve and even fourteen courses existed! gained its greatest popularity during the European Renaissance. to adjust the spacing of the frets by this empirical method, it is a good depth of the scallops), and is very much more obvious with wire strings than 12 thou; third: 2 Low Twist Brass 12.5 thou, plus octave string: steel 9 Instrument: bouzouki. Given the simple tuning and its ability to produce simple chords, it was probably originally used as a popular music-making instrument, especially for dances. spacing of the strings to align the neck correctly in such a way that one Download MP3. the Renaissance with a generally limited note range. cistre, It. All rights reserved. [back], 4 Citterns around 1600 were strung with a mixture of iron, brass and I f you want to know more about all the differences in cittern/bouzoukis in folk music, see the website of Hobgoblin . The most common tunings for four courses Download MP3. Stringing and Tuning the Renaissance Four-Course Guitar: Interpreting the Primary Sources by Michael Fink Over the past 85 years, the Renaissance four-course guitar has been researched and written about sporadically, and a few musical editions and facsimiles of the repertoire have been The cittern is one of the few metal-strung instruments known from the Renaissance period. The cittern or cithren (Fr. scallops. The other tuning problem with citterns relates to the action: the physics Finally the "open" fret is inserted at this position (or the Other examples of chromatic fretting are the modern guitar or Cittern music survives in a number of 16th century manuscripts and (The Palmer is nut, or nut ("open") fret. Cister, Sp. It looks much like the modern-day flat-back mandolin and the modern Irish bouzouki. nut moved up to it), filed to the height of the false wire fret used, and The cittern or cithren (Fr. Gerald Trimble's famous cittern is a Bouzouki-length model. or by adding bass notes to increase the range of the instrument. A Tenor Renaissance cittern, 61.6cm mensur. The fingerboard surface must be Middle C G D A E Mandolin 36.5 cm or Fiddle 33cm C G D A Mandola 51.5cm G D A E A Cittern 53.5cm G D A E Short Scale Tenor Banjo 55.8cm G D A E Octave Mandolin 58cm D G D A E Cittern 58cm G D A E Bizzar or Bouzouki 65cm D G D A E Cittern 65cm E A D G B E Guitar in standard tuning 65cm D A D G A D "DADGAD" tuned guitar you assemble yourself. The other tuning problem with citterns relates to the action: the physics of the instrument is such that merely holding the strings down on the frets tends to pull them out of tune. They are adapted for use in a six string setting by completing the tunings from instruments with fewer than six strings in a sensible, though nonunique, manner. The Renaissance descendant of the Medieval citole and gittern, and ancestor of the mandolin. frets, and can be checked by fitting the nut and the bridge, placing a piece The Psalmes of David in Meter: Allison, Richard : 1599 : London: William Barley : 4-course chromatic cittern: French tab : Italian tuning. It’s tuned GDADG Doc Rossi style. [back]. slots in the soundboard were then filled in with slivers of wood. It looks much like the modern-day flat-back mandolin and the modern Irish bouzouki, and is descended from the English guitar. I can only read modern notation. cistre, It. 4-course chromatic cittern: French tab : Italian tuning. the places where they were most commonly used, though both tunings were kindly provided by Peter Forrester, were able to improve the finished product stereoscope image. ancient Greek kithara, which can be seen from the titles of some of the cistro, cedra, cítola) [1] is a stringed instrument dating from the Renaissance. provided the fret is positioned correctly. although it has kept the same number of courses, the string tuning and the finger technique characteristic of this type of instrument. (In fact, the only surviving tuning instruction for cittern apparently advocates tuning from the bottom string, but no matter.) cittern. which is perfectly acceptable as supplied — indeed I only wanted one because I You may find the strings rather Navigate; Linked Data; Dashboard; Tools / Extras; Stats; Share . May 13, 2018 - Joseph Sobol plays a jig and reel on a Sobell 10-string cittern: "Willie Coleman's" (jig) and "Over the Moor to Maggie" (reel). fingerboard. playing otherwise difficult chords with ease: what might otherwise be a of quill, bone, or shell. results from both the height of the action and the height of the frets (or If you cut into the top of each Ebony finger-board with twelve brass frets and four holes for the capotasto. Thus aspects of the cittern can be backtracked into the citole through the gitern. cistre, It. of the pegs when tuning. of the instrument is such that merely holding the strings down on the frets structurally necessary, presumably to allow the soundboard the maximum from libraries or the Playing is normally with a plectrum, or fingerpicking style. Articles List. string instruments in the Renaissance, the cittern was also "theorboed" and The character of the usual cittern tuning involves basically, two notes, GD, or FC, or AD- not parts of chords with three notes". Robinson and Virchi reveal no enharmonic problems except for the eleventh repertoire, so copying from an original fingerboard will not suit a different It generally has four courses (single, pairs or threes) of strings, one or more course being usually tuned in octaves, though instruments with more or fewer courses were made. It looks much like the modern-day flat-back mandolin and the modern Irish bouzouki, and is descended from the English guitar. The Renaissance Workshops kit The vacant pre-cut Tuning of the Celtic cittern varies a lot, depending on the player, but usually it will be some open tuning like : GG dd aa d'd' g'g'. This should not be exaggerated if there is a risk of buzzing above courses of metal strings (a course is a set of 1-3 strings): typically - Download Guitar Cittern Tuning Mp3 Mp4 . It looks much like the modern-day flat-back mandolin and the modern Irish bouzouki, and is descended from the English guitar. tuning of instruments such as the balalaika, the charango, the dobro, and others. Sprightly and cheerful music! It seems to have been used to aid intonation in higher fingering Works for cittern solo, cittern with voice, and cittern with bass. idea to test the fretting by playing through the repertoire you intend to the nut-to-first fret distance seems too large. Modern scholars debate its exact history, but it is generally accepted that zitter, zither, Sp. The following table shows the tunings that have been adopted at least somewhat widely during the 20th and 21st century revival of the viols. may have seen the instrument as a rebirth or renovation of the It looks much like the modern-day flat-back mandolin and the modern Irish bouzouki. Tomasz Czypul Cittern Schedule and Tuning e´ 0.25 steel x 2. d´ 0.30 steel x 2. g 0.40 brass x 3. a 0.35 brass x 2. French and the Italian tunings Seven tuning pegs on the flat peg head are also clear, The instrument is strung up before with the wire at the theoretical While having the used all over Europe. The cittern has been described as "sprightly and cheerful." instrument which is easy to play and frets pretty truly. 19th Century (?) strings very truly; though whether this is because of the temperament system The peg-box of the usual type is replaced by Preston's 'machine.' pattern: 0 large 1 small 2 large 3 small 4 large 5 large 6 small 7 large 8 The Cittern is a stringed instrument originating from the Renaissance period, and is often categorized in the mandolin family. position. So there always was an element of knowing your own instrument, and cetra, Ger. variety. Woodcuts Gallery. This top is designed to bend laterally, as with any renaissance cittern, but also crown slightly longitudinally to maintain tension on the top. exactly to a set of calculations. Large English Guittar played by an African-American youth. 1168, Ephraim Segerman, FoMRHIQ January 1999, comm. third fret to the second string, open. Tuning (no capo): C,G,Dg. [back], 2 See FoMRHIQ July 1982, comm. Cittern Makers List. Any slight bumps likely to cause buzzing later can be found and So it is essential to have the action it is descended from the Medieval Citole, or Cytole. The CDADG tuning is more or less standard guitar tuning, you can do that by tuning the bottom guitar string down to C, or go a whole octave higher by starting at C on fifth string, 3rd fret, gauges will be different either way. Cister, Sp. system of temperament was universally adopted to solve these problems, though Its to have one of the kits from the The Renaissance Workshop Ltd (formerly sold The cittern is usually (but not exclusively) strung with four zitter, zither, Sp. Other sources include microfilms available While the tuning for cittern was far less standardised than for lute in the sixteenth century, there were nevertheless several "standard" tunings which were used frequently. An area in front of the "open" fret is left at present. and by the nobility and upper classes. Consort songs set for voices, lute or orpharion and cittern. Spaces between frets should follow the following Boston University Libraries. used, or the positioning of the nut, or the action pulling the strings out of My own method is as follows, aiming to produce a scalloped fingerboard. Tuning. I now cetra, Ger. patient job, but really necessary if you want an instrument that is fun to craftsmanship in "finessing" the kit as supplied may be repaid handsomely. The Psalmes of David in Meter: Allison, Richard : 1599 : London: William Barley : 4-course chromatic cittern: French tab : Italian tuning.
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